ReFocus: The Films of Kira Muratova

Edited by Irina Gradinari, Irina Schulzki

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The first English-language collection devoted to Ukrainian filmmaker Kira Muratova (1934–2018)

  • Offers new historical, analytical and theoretical insights, filling significant gaps in scholarship on Kira Muratova’s cinema
  • Brings together a wide range of approaches: from Soviet and Ukrainian film history to film philosophy, intermediality, decolonial critique, disability studies, posthumanist theory, feminist and queer studies, and analyses of affect and gesture
  • Repositions Muratova within European and global cinema, highlighting thematic and stylistic connections to the avant-garde, Formalism, New Wave traditions and transnational film movements
  • Provides a comparative framework, placing Muratova in dialogue with Agnès Varda, Sergei Parajanov, Lana Gogoberidze, Andrei Tarkovsky and Herbert Achternbusch
  • Reframe Muratova as an autrice working at the edges of language, genre and empire


Spanning six decades, her seventeen features and four shorts move from the late Soviet era to post-Soviet Ukraine, breaking cinematic rules with repetition, collage, unruly performance and a tactile, object-rich world. This volume reframes Muratova as an autrice working from the margins and proposes ‘ex-cinema’ as a central concept in her radical practice at the edges of language, genre, and empire.

Across four parts, leading and emerging scholars examine form and style, gender and queer aesthetics, ethics and community and Muratova’s dialogues with European cinema. Attending to decolonial questions, feminist perspectives, and the politics of visibility, the volume shows how her films unsettle canons and centres while tracing the collective artistry behind them.

It offers an accessible, interdisciplinary guide to a singular filmmaker and fresh scholarship for students, researchers and cinephiles.

Introduction: ‘People Don’t Like to Look at This’: The Ex-Cinema of Kira Muratova
Irina Schulzki and Irina Gradinari


Part I. Rebellion of Form

1. Late Style in Kira Muratova’s Eternal Return
Ivan Sokolov

2. Neither Narrate nor Describe: Kira Muratova’s Non-Totalising Art of Collage
Irina Denischenko

3. Formalism and Defamiliarisation: A Study of Self-Reflective Form in Kira Muratova’s Film Aesthetics
Vera Kotelevskaya

4. ‘A Different Rhythm of Breathing’: Brevity in Muratova's Oeuvre
Eugénie Zvonkine

Part II. Reframing Gender

5. Gender Axiology in Soviet Cinema and Kira Muratova’s Early Features
Nikolai Poselyagin

6. Gaze and Affect: The Asthenic Syndrome
Irina Gradinari

7. Reading Muratova’s Aesthetics through Fashion
Marina Rojavin

Part III. Community and Ethics Reimagined

8. An Ethics of Gesture in Muratova’s Cinema
Irina Schulzki

9. Kira Muratova’s Likenesses
Lida Oukaderova

10. The Screen as Cage: Dismantling the Human-Animal Divide in The Sentimental Policeman
Raymond De Luca

11. The Art of Deception: Genre, Attunement, and Intention Attribution in The Tuner
David G. Molina

Part VI. Interlacements and Contexts
12. Through the Looking-Glass Water: Ex-Centric Visions in Muratova and Parajanov
Olha Briukhovetska

13. Dysphonia as an Art Practice: Muratova, Tarkovsky, Gogoberidze
Lilya Kaganovsky

14. Loss of Control in Auteur Film: Agnès Varda and Kira Muratova
Michael Niehaus

15. Performatism of Language in the Films of Kira Muratova and Herbert Achternbusch
Ilja Kukuj

16. Kira Muratova in the Ukrainian Cinematic Process: Perspectives from National Film Scholarship
Larysa Naumova

Index

Irina Gradinari is Junior Professor of Gender Studies in Literary and Media Studies at the FernUniversität in Hagen. Her research interests include feminist theories of the gaze, genre and intersectionality, popular culture and cultural memory studies. Her publications include: Feministische Blicktheorien und ihre Folgen (2024); digital:gender – de:mapping affect. Eine spekulative Kartografie (2025, co-edited with Julia Bee and Katrin Köppert), (Re-)Visionen: Epistemologien, Ontologien und Methodologien der Geschlechterforschung (2025, co-edited with Ksenia Meshkova and Stephan Trinkaus) and Staatsgenres: Zur politischen Dimension von Filmgenres (2025, co-edited with Michael Niehaus)

Irina Schulzki is the Publishing Director of the open-access journal Apparatus: Film, Media, and Digital Cultures in Central and Eastern Europe. Her research spans film and gesture, fan fiction, theories of the comic, phenomenology and media, Mikhail Shishkin’s prose and the cinema of Kira Muratova. She has authored numerous articles and book chapters and edited several volumes and special issues, including “Mise en geste: Studies of Gesture in Cinema” (Apparatus 5, 2017; with Ana Hedberg Olenina) and Decolonising the (Post-)Soviet Screen (2024; with Heleen Gerritsen). She is currently completing the co-edited collection Cinéfemmes: Women’s Cinema of the New Millennium (with Irina Gradinari; 2026) and a monograph, A Cinema of Gesture: Kira Muratova and the Poetics of the Moving Image.

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